Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Pummelo (Citrus maxima) Essential Oil Derived from Fruit Peel

KARAKAYA H., ÖZTÜRK F. S., BİLENLER T., Yasar K.

JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS, vol.25, no.3, pp.524-535, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 25 Issue: 3
  • Publication Date: 2022
  • Doi Number: 10.1080/0972060x.2022.2100229
  • Journal Name: JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL BEARING PLANTS
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Analytical Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database
  • Page Numbers: pp.524-535
  • Keywords: Pummelo, Citrus maxima, Essential oil, Chemical composition, Antimicrobial activity, MINIMAL INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION, PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS, EXTRACT, GROWTH, TYPHIMURIUM, ANTIOXIDANT, YIELD, L.
  • Inonu University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Citrus genus is notable for peel essential oils which are valuable by-products during Citrus processing. In this study, it was aimed to determine chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of pummelo peel (PEO). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from flavedo layer of the peel. It was subjected to Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for identification of its volatiles and a total of sixty-two compounds were identified. Monoterpenes constituted 89.36% of PEO, mostly by D-limonene (76.97%) and beta-myrcene (6.37%). The essential oil became prominent especially with its nootkatone content (1.13%). In antimicrobial activity assays, broth macrodilution method was used against to Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. According to the test results, minimum inhibitory concentrations of the essential oil ranged between 2000 and 16000 mu g/mL for S. aureus, B. cereus, S. cerevisiae and C. albicans. No inhibitory effect was observed on E. coli and S. Enteritidis although 32000 mu g/mL PEO was applied. On the basis of the results obtained, it was thought that PEO could be used as a natural and inexpensive flavouring and antimicrobial agent by the food and pharmaceutical industries via valorization of pummelo peel.