Comparative Effects of Different Ozone Sauna Doses on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Athletes
Ozone: Science & Engineering, ss.1-21, 2026 (SCI-Expanded)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1080/01919512.2026.2758836
- Dergi Adı: Ozone: Science & Engineering
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-21
- İnönü Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This randomized, parallel-group study examined biochemical responses to sauna without ozone or ozone sauna at nominal concentrations of 10, 20, or 50 µg/mL after a standardized high-intensity interval exercise protocol. Twenty-four male combat-sport athletes were allocated to four groups (n = 6/group) and completed a 20-min sauna session at 40 °C. Blood was sampled before exercise, immediately after exercise and sauna, and at 24, 48, and 72 h. Ten muscle-damage, inflammatory, oxidant-status, and antioxidant markers were analyzed using rank-based tests with Holm correction across prespecified families of omnibus comparisons. Between-group differences in observed concentrations were limited to selected biomarker-time combinations: CK (48 and 72 h), IL-6 (24 and 48 h), TNF-α (24 h), MDA and TOS (48 and 72 h), CAT (post-sauna and 24 h), GSH (24 and 48 h), and TAS (post-sauna and 24–72 h); no corrected concentration differences were found for LDH or SOD. Exploratory comparisons of change from pre-exercise values identified additional, marker-specific differences, but not for GSH. The findings do not establish a single optimal concentration or improved functional recovery. They indicate that biochemical responses differed at selected time points and require confirmation in larger studies with verified ozone delivery and direct functional outcomes.