Revealing temperature-dependent magnetic states and memory effect in Ni–Co–Mn–Sn ribbons via a stepwise cooling–heating protocol
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, cilt.651, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 651
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.174161
- Dergi Adı: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Ferromagnetic shape memory effect, Kinetic arrest, Magnetic memory, Spin glass
- İnönü Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
A uniform stepwise cooling and heating magnetization protocol was applied to investigate the complex and metastable magnetic states of the martensitic phase in Ni50-xCoxMn38Sn12 (x = 0,1,3, and 5) ribbons. It allows the characterization of magnetic hysteresis, memory effects, kinetic pinning, and magnetic freezing in different temperature regimes within a single experimental framework. Structural analysis shows that all compositions crystallize in an L2₁ cubic structure at room temperature, while low-temperature XRD reveals Co-dependent martensitic modulations. Magnetization results obtained with the step-by-step protocol show that Co substitution systematically lowers the martensitic transformation temperature, strengthens the ferromagnetic transition, and promotes intermartensitic transitions along with kinetic pinning. This becomes most pronounced for x = 5. AC susceptibility measurements reveal a transition from spin-glass-like freezing at lower Co contents to cluster-glass dynamics at higher Co concentrations. The proposed measurement protocol provides direct and independent experimental evidence for the coexistence and interaction of kinetic arrest, magnetic freezing, and thermal evolution in the martensitic phase, and offers new insights into the origin and tunability of metastable magnetic states in Ni–Mn–Sn-based Heusler alloys.