Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
ELECTRONICS (Basel), cilt.14, sa.22, ss.1-21, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Fractional calculus has emerged as an important research area for the analysis and solution of complex engineering problems. However, because exact implementation of fractional-order (FO) operators is not possible, various integer-order approximations are used for implementation. Agreement of the time and frequency responses obtained with these approximation methods with the analytical responses of the FO models is critical for application accuracy and performance. This study aims to reduce the difference between analytical and approximation-based frequency responses through optimization for better implementation performance. After the success of the proposed method was proved for an FO operator, it was applied to an FOPID controller and an FO filter. Notable improvements were observed in both frequency and time response. To test the practicality of the method, the proposed method and other approximation methods were tested on an FPGA using the Vitis Model Composer Hub system generator block within the MATLAB Simulink environment. Also, the proposed method was experimentally implemented for an FO operator on a Nexys 4 DDR Artix-7 FPGA. It was observed that FPGA implementation and simulation results were in good agreement with each other.