Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Current Concepts and Innovative Research in Social, Human and Administrative Sciences, Prof.Dr. Osman YILMAZ, Editör, All Sciences Academy, Konya, ss.39-50, 2025
Social security is an institutional system that enables individuals to maintain their lives independently by protecting them against the social and economic risks they may encounter throughout their lifetime. From a historical perspective, it is observed that societies initially sought to meet their social security needs through traditional mechanisms based on solidarity and mutual assistance. However, with the process of industrialization in the 19th century, these traditional mechanisms were gradually replaced by institutionalized social security systems. Over time, these systems expanded their scope—particularly through social insurance—and evolved to encompass all segments of society. The International Labour Organization (ILO), as a specialized agency of the United Nations, operates with the aim of ensuring social justice and establishing uniform norms and standards in working life. Through its conventions and recommendations, the ILO plays a central role in defining international labour standards. In this context, the Convention No. 102 on Minimum Standards of Social Security, adopted in 1952, constitutes a fundamental document that sets out the minimum international standards for social security. The Convention covers nine principal areas of risk: sickness, unemployment, old age, employment injury, maternity, invalidity, death, and family benefits. Member States are required to provide protection against at least three of these risks. Although the Convention establishes minimum standards for social security, it does not provide a detailed framework regarding the concept’s scope and definition. Nevertheless, it contributes to strengthening social protection standards at the international level by offering flexibility and encouragement to developing countries to advance their social security systems.