Recent advances in electrode materials for their deployment in supercapacitors: Mechanisms, design, and perspectives
Journal of Energy Storage, cilt.172, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 172
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.est.2026.123027
- Dergi Adı: Journal of Energy Storage
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC
- Anahtar Kelimeler: COFs, EDLC, Energy storage, MOFs, Supercapacitors, Transition-metal oxides
- İnönü Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The growing demand for energy and emission of greenhouse gases has intensified the research efforts for sustainable energy storage technologies. Among the various energy storage systems, supercapacitors have emerged as indispensable because of fast charge-discharge capability, high power density, long cycle life, and safer compared to conventional batteries. While their low energy density issues hinder the widespread deployment which resultantly prompt extensive research into the novel material design, charge storage mechanisms, and device fabrication. This review provides a concise, insightful overview of the historical development of supercapacitors and systematically examines both the fundamental models of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and the mechanisms of pseudocapacitive energy storage. It offers comparative analysis of the charge-storage kinetics in batteries versus supercapacitors and addresses the role of electrolytes in determining voltage windows, stability, and overall performance building on this foundation, the review critically evaluates recent advances(last 5 or ten years studies) in electrode materials, including transition-metal oxides (RuO2, MnO2, NiO, V2O5), hydroxides (Ni(OH)2), carbon-based materials, conducting polymers, metal–organic and covalent–organic frameworks (MOFs, COFs), and MXenes. Particular emphasis is placed on strategies such as morphological control, defect engineering, interfacial modulation, and the design of hierarchical architectures to optimize charge storage and transport. Finally, the persistent challenges and future perspectives are outlined, and various strategies to elevate the electrochemical energy storage performance of electrode materials.