Ru/ZrO₂@porous carbon nanocomposite as an efficient electrochemical platform for highly sensitive determination of caffeic acid phenethyl Ester in food and biological matrices


Bouali M., Bugday N., Bouali W., Xu Y., CENGİZ M. F., YAŞAR S., ...Daha Fazla

Microchemical Journal, cilt.228, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 228
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.119008
  • Dergi Adı: Microchemical Journal
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Index Islamicus, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Caffeic acid phenethyl Ester, Differential pulse voltammetry, Electrochemical sensor, Real sample analysis, Ru/ZrO2@PC nanocomposite
  • İnönü Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a bioactive phenolic compound mainly found in propolis and known for its antioxidant and health-promoting properties. However, its reliable determination in complex food and biological matrices is challenging due to low concentrations and matrix interferences. In this study, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a Ru/ZrO₂@PC nanocomposite was developed for CAPE detection. The nanocomposite was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode to create an efficient sensing interface. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed enhanced conductivity, increased electroactive surface area, and faster electron-transfer kinetics. Using differential pulse voltammetry, CAPE was quantified over a wide linear range of 0.005–6.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.49 nM. The sensor applicability was successfully demonstrated in human plasma, urine, propolis extract, and honey, with results consistent with HPLC–DAD analysis. The proposed sensor offers a rapid and reliable tool for CAPE analysis in food and biological samples.