Substituted NHC–PEPPSI–Pd(ii) complexes: synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations and catalytic application in thiazole C–H arylation
New Journal of Chemistry, cilt.50, sa.8, ss.3674-3693, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 50 Sayı: 8
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1039/d5nj04117a
- Dergi Adı: New Journal of Chemistry
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, EMBASE, DIALNET
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.3674-3693
- İnönü Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In this study, a series of functionalized benzimidazolium salts and their PEPPSI-type Pd(ii)NHC complexes 3a–g were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Quantum chemistry computations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)/LANL2DZ level were used to examine the molecular structure, electronic characteristics, and chemical reactivity of the ligand and its Pd complex. The new salt and PEPPSI-type Pd-NHC complex were fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the catalytic activity of the NHC–PEPPSI–Pd(ii) complexes was tested by direct arylation of 2-n-propylthiazole and 4,5-dimethylthiazole with various aryl halides at 120 °C for 1 h and 3 h, respectively. It was observed that the palladium complexes gave high yields and were selective at the C5 and C2-positions of heteroaryl derivatives. Complex 3f, with an NHC substituted by a 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl group, showed the highest conversion probably due to the flexibility, electronic and mostly steric effects of this group.