Revealing the Role of Ruthenium on the Performance of P2‐Type Na0.67Mn1‐xRuxO2 Cathodes for Na‐Ion Full‐Cells

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Altin E., Moeez I., Kwon E., Bhatti A. H. U., Yu S., Chung K. Y., ...Daha Fazla

SMALL, ss.1-14, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Basım Tarihi: 2024
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1002/smll.202406332
  • Dergi Adı: SMALL
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, MEDLINE, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-14
  • İnönü Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Herein, P2-type layered manganese and ruthenium oxide is synthesized as

an outstanding intercalation cathode material for high-energy density Na-ion

batteries (NIBs). P2-type sodium deficient transition metal oxide structure,

Na0.67Mn1-xRuxO2 cathodes where x varied between 0.05 and 0.5 are

fabricated. The partially substituted main phase where x = 0.4 exhibits the best

electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of ≈170 mAh g−1. The

in situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and time-resolved X-ray Diffraction

(TR-XRD) measurements are performed to elucidate the neighborhood of

the local structure and lattice parameters during cycling. X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the oxygen-rich structure when Ru is introduced.

Density of States (DOS) calculations revealed the Fermi-Level bandgap

increases when Ru is doped, which enhances the electronic conductivity of the

cathode. Furthermore, magnetization calculations revealed the presence of

stronger Ru─O bonds and the stabilizing effect of Ru-doping onMnO6 octahedra.

The results of Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS)

revealed that the Ru-doped sample has more sodium and oxygenated-based

species on the surface, while the inner layers mainly contain Ru–O and Mn–O

species. The full cell study demonstrated the outstanding capacity retention

where the cell maintained 70% of its initial capacity at 1 C-rate after 500 cycles.