In Situ Assessment of EMF Exposure Across Urban Districts of Samsun, Türkiye
Electronics (Switzerland), vol.15, no.1, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 15 Issue: 1
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.3390/electronics15010068
- Journal Name: Electronics (Switzerland)
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC
- Keywords: electric field strength, electromagnetic field exposure, in situ measurements, magnetic flux density, spatial distribution, urban environment
- Inonu University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
This study offers a comprehensive in situ measurement and assessment of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in the central urban districts of Samsun, Türkiye, focusing on low-frequency magnetic flux density (BLF) and radiofrequency electric field strength (ERF). Drive-test measurements were performed across Atakum, İlkadım, and Canik districts to capture spatial variability and identify primary exposure sources. Band-selective analysis revealed that downlink (DL) transmissions are the main contributors to total ERF exposure, indicating that base station emissions dominate the exposed ERF levels in the environment. Six-minute averaged BLF and ERF values account for temporal fluctuations and confirm that exposure remains well below recommended limits. A one-way ANOVA test indicated that the differences in exposure levels among the three districts were not statistically significant. These findings provide a detailed spatial evaluation of EMF exposure in a large metropolitan region, demonstrating the value of integrated BLF and ERF measurements for environmental monitoring.