Öcal F., Önügören N. İ., Dayı B., Sarıcı T.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES, cilt.142, ss.1-10, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
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Yayın Türü:
Makale / Tam Makale
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Cilt numarası:
142
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Basım Tarihi:
2025
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Doi Numarası:
10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104094
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Dergi Adı:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
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Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler:
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
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Sayfa Sayıları:
ss.1-10
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İnönü Üniversitesi Adresli:
Evet
Özet
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of passive air exposure (no active drying) and light contact time (under D65 light simulating daylight) on adhesive performance.
Methods
Five universal adhesives (G-Premio Bond [GC], Clearfil Universal Bond [Kuraray], Prime & Bond Universal [Dentsply], OptiBond Universal [Kerr] and Gluma Bond Universal [Kulzer]) were applied to dentin samples after different passive air exposure times (0, 5, 15, 30 s) under standard D65 artificial daylight. Micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS), fracture distance (ΔL), and elastic modulus (E) were measured. Morphological evaluation of the adhesive interfaces and fracture patterns was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA to assess the main effects and interactions of adhesive type and exposure time, followed by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests for group-specific comparisons. Post hoc tests (Tukey, Bonferroni, or Games-Howell) were applied when appropriate. Correlation and regression analyses were also performed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results
Passive air contact and light exposure significantly affected the mechanical performance of the adhesives. The GPB 30 s group showed the highest bond strength, while the elastic modulus decreased significantly (p = 0.028). The CUB 15 s group exhibited one of the highest elastic modulus values, but the adhesive fracture rate was high in the fracture type (p = 0.007). Correlation analyses showed a strong negative relationship between elastic modulus and fracture distance (r = −0.559/-0.834). SEM images revealed that air bubbles had a negative effect on bond strength.
Significance of the study
This study guides on the optimal application time for clinical applications by evaluating the effects of air and light exposure time on bonding mechanisms in universal adhesive systems. The findings suggest that adhesive application protocols should be precisely optimized.