Effect of roasting and sonication-assisted extraction conditions on phenolic compounds, physical properties and other constituents of EU PDO Malatya apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel skins

Baran U., Kanmaz H., Turan B. K., Şahingil D., Hayaloğlu A. A.

APPLIED FOOD RESEARCH, cilt.6, sa.6, ss.1-11, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 6 Sayı: 6
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.afres.2025.101555
  • Dergi Adı: APPLIED FOOD RESEARCH
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus, Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), BIOSIS, EMBASE, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-11
  • İnönü Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the roasting process and different extraction methods

(mechanical homogenization and sonication, using water (W), ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MetOH), and equal

mixtures of ethanol/water and methanol/water) on the compositional, morphological, colour, dietary fibre,

antioxidant capacity, polyphenolic content, and fatty acid profile of the Hacıhalilo˘ glu EU PDO variety of apricot

(Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel skin. The roasting process was found to have no significant effect on the chemical

composition and color values (P > 0.05); however, other minor constituents, antioxidant activity and phenolic

contents did. Minerals were mainly found at high concentrations in apricot skin, including Mn, Fe, K, Cu and Mg.

Both the roasting process and the use of EtOH/W and MeOH/W solvents with ultrasound-assisting improved the

extraction of phenolic compounds. The highest α-tocopherol content was observed in the oil extracted from

unroasted apricot kernel skin, with 992.8 ±22.8 µg/mL, while it was determined as 512.5 ±5.5 µg/mL in

roasted apricot kernel oil (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the dietary fiber content of apricot kernel skin was determined

to be between 65.88–67.29 %. In conclusion, due to its fibrous nature, it can improve the structural

integrity of biodegradable packaging materials. Moreover, the presence of phenolic compounds provides antioxidant

and antimicrobial properties, making it a promising eco-friendly material for use as a functional additive

in active packaging applications.