Evaluating Multiple Biochemical Markers in Xenopus laevis Tadpoles Exposed to the Pesticides Thiacloprid and Trifloxystrobin in Single and Mixed Forms

UÇKUN M., ÖZMEN M.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, cilt.40, sa.10, ss.2846-2860, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 40 Sayı: 10
  • Basım Tarihi: 2021
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1002/etc.5158
  • Dergi Adı: ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, EMBASE, Environment Index, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Geobase, Greenfile, MEDLINE, Metadex, Pollution Abstracts, Public Affairs Index, Veterinary Science Database, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.2846-2860
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Insecticide, Fungicide, Amphibian, Enzymes, Acute toxicity, EARLY-LIFE STAGES, OXIDATIVE STRESS, NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES, POPULATION DECLINES, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES, LIPID-PEROXIDATION, ENVIRONMENTAL FATE, AZINPHOS METHYL, SURFACE WATERS, TERM EXPOSURE
  • İnönü Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Pesticide exposure is thought to be one of the common reasons for the decline in amphibian populations, a phenomenon that is a major threat to global biodiversity. Although the single effects of pesticides on amphibians have been well studied, the effects of mixtures are not well known. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of the insecticide thiacloprid and the fungicide trifloxystrobin on early developmental stages of Xenopus laevis using various biochemical markers (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na+K+-adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase], Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, and total ATPase). The median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of thiacloprid and trifloxystrobin were determined to be 3.41 and 0.09 mg a.i. L-1, respectively. Tadpoles were exposed to the LC50, LC50/2, LC50/10, LC50/20, LC50/50, and LC50/100 of these pesticides. Both pesticides significantly affected (inhibited/activated) the biomarkers even at low concentrations. The pesticides showed a synergistic effect when applied as a mixture and altered the biomarkers more than when applied individually. In conclusion, we can assume that tadpoles are threatened by these pesticides even at environmentally relevant concentrations. Our findings provide important data to guide management of the ecotoxicological effects of these pesticides on nontarget amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;00:1-15. (c) 2021 SETAC